BAUHAUS: Design & Architecture

The Staatliche Bauhaus, “Bauhaus”, was the inspirational modern school of crafts, design, art, and architecture founded in 1919 by Walter Gropius in Weimar (Germany) and closed by the Nazi authorities in 1933. Its name “Bauhaus” comes from the combination of two German words BAU that means “building”, and HAUS that means “house”; ironically, despite its name and the fact that its founder was an architect, the Bauhaus did not have an architectural department in the early years of its existence. Its artistic/design idea of a necessary was based in-depth reform of artistic teaching and transformation of the way to see beyond the bourgeois society of the time. The movement was divided into three different phases, the first one between years (1919-1923) was idealistic and romantic, the second (1923-1925) much more rationalist and in the third (1925-1929) already located at Dessa, they achieved a more greatest recognition under the lead of Mies van der Rohe, which moved to Berlin where he completely changed the orientation of his teaching programme.

Design

The perfect interrelation between Geometry and Design: The Bauhaus laid the normative bases and patterns change for completely the way to see Graphic and Industrial Design.

These two careers did not exist as such and were conceived within the rooms of the Bauhaus School. Subsequently , The school established the academic foundations on which one of the most predominant tendencies of the new Modern Art, Design and Architecture found their based to a large extent, incorporating a new holistic aesthetics that would cover all areas of daily life: from the chair in which you sit to the page you are reading (Heinrich von Eckardt). Given its importance, the Bauhaus works in Weimar and Dessau were declared : World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1996, and as director Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, the school suffered from the harassing growth of National Socialism, because Bauhaus ideology was seen as internationalist and Jewish socialist. The Nazis closed the school. Many of the school’s members, including Walter Gropius himself, refugees, finally settled in the United States to pursue their ideals: “The Bauhaus School” had its headquarters in three cities: 1919-1925: Weimar1925 -1932: Dessau1932 -1934: BerlinIt was organized by three principals: 1919-1927: Walter Gropius1927 -1930: Hannes Meyer1930 -1933: Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

Architecture

The Bauhaus building (Dessau, Germany. 1925-1926) by Walter Gropius, is the most emblematic of the Bauhaus, unfolds in several volumes, independent of each other, and designed according to the function for which they were conceived. The Bauhaus building in Dessau, considered the masterpiece of European rationalism, has a configuration related to the conditions of the area where it is located: it borders a street, crosses another perpendicular to the first and two of its wings outline a nearby sports field, and opens up to the rhythm of urban life with its large, luminous glass façades. Bauhaus architecture developed after the First World War. It is based on symmetrical forms of Greco-Latin origins. Historical-political context: The foundation of the Bauhaus took place at a time of crisis of modern thought and western technical rationality in the whole of Europe and particularly in Germany. Its creation was due to the confluence of a set of political, social, educational and artistic development in the first two decades of the twentieth century, whose specificity is given by the artistic avant-garde of the beginning of the century. The new Bauhaus: After 1933 most of the members of the Bauhaus marched to the United States where a kind of continuation of the Bauhaus developed until the Cold War. László Moholy-Nagy founded the New Bauhaus in Chicago in 1937. Of the new incarnations of the school, this would be the one that would most faithfully respect the original curriculum. In 1951 the Swiss architect and sculptor Max Bill, following the

He founded the Hochschule für Gestaltung (Higher School of Design) in Ulm (Federal Republic of Germany), which soon recovered the denomination of Bauhaus or, to differentiate it from the initial one, Neues Bauhaus (New Bauhaus), of which the Argentine painter and designer Tomás Maldonado was director between 1954-1966, who emphasized, even more, the scientific and rationalist character applied in the arts. Teaching at the Bauhaus and its teacher’s pedagogy was divided into three parts:-First part: For six months, the apprentice adapted to the Bauhaus workshops and discovered his preferences thanks to the coexistence with the artists who formed part of the Bauhaus.